Abstract Hypertension is one of the most common clinical conditions encountered by the physicians. There are wide ranges of medications available for treatment of hypertension, in which Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are the one of the most commonly prescribing drug. The first generation antihypertensive drug nifedipine was introduced in 1960s; due to its rapid vasodilatory action it enhances the sympathetic tone. The second and the third generation drugs showed the reduction of sympathetic reflex by its slow-releasing action. Amlodipine which was introduced as the third generation, exhibits longer half-life and most potent antihypertensive agent as compared to the previous generation agents. Ankle edema is one of the most frequent adverse effects of amlodipine often leading to noncompliance and discontinuation of an effective antihypertensive drug. Cilnidipine is a fourth generation calcium channel blocker with unique features, which inhibits both sympathetic N-type and vascular L-type Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, Cilnidipine shows complete resolution of amlodipine induced pedal edema in clinical practice. Therefore, this strategy may provide a new approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review article is aiming to explain the calcium channel blocker - associated edema and resolution of edema through the use of L and N-type of calcium channel blockers. CCBs are potential antihypertensive agents but the main drawback of this group of drug is it produces pedal edema which decreases the compliance. The main cause for CCB-induced edema increased capillary hydrostatic pressure by arteriolar dilation. The new L and N-type of CCB cause pre and post capillary dilatation which normalizes the hydrostatic pressure, which resolves the edema. Review. International Journal of Sciences & Applied Research, (2015) 2 (12). pp. 27-33.

ABSTRACT Background and Aims: Dynamic parameters such as the respiratory variation in aortic flow peak velocity (ΔVpeak) and inferior vena cava distensibility index (dIVC) are accurate indices of fluid responsiveness in adults. Little is known about their utility in children. We studied the ability of these indices to predict fluid responsiveness in anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated children. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 42 children aged between one to 14 years scheduled for elective surgery under general endotracheal anaesthesia. Mechanical ventilation was initiated with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg. ΔVpeak, dIVC and stroke volume index (SVI) were measured before and after volume expansion (VE) with 10 ml/kg of crystalloid using transthoracic echocardiography. Patients were considered to be responders (R) and non‑responders (NR) when SVI increased to either ≥15% or <15% after VE. ΔVpeak and dIVC were analysed between R and NR. Results: The best cut‑off value for ΔVpeak as defined by the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was 12.2%, for which sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100%, 94%, 96% and 100%, respectively, the area under the curve was 0.975. The best cut‑off value for dIVC as defined by the ROC curve analysis was 23.5%, for which sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91%, 89%, 91% and 89%, respectively, the area under the curve was 0.95. Conclusion: ΔVpeak and dIVC are reliable indices of fluid responsiveness in children Indian journal of anaesthesia: Vol 60 / Issue 2/ February 2016 Website: www.ijaweb.org DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.176285

Citation : Vamsi Krishna Kamana, Hashir Kareem, Tom Devasia, Vidya Nayak and Sridevi Prabhu, 2016 “Percutaneous angioplasty for a case of chronic mesenteric ischemia: An alternative to surgical Revascularisation’’ International Journal of Current Research; Vol. 8, Issue, 07, pp.34745-34747, July, 2016 URL: http://www.journalcra.com Vol. 8, Issue, 07, pp.34745-34747, July, 2016

Citation: Syed Farooq1, Ranjan Shetty K1, Vidya Nayak2, Sridevi Prabhu2, and Kiran Shetty1; “Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease with Bivalvular Stenosis in Association with Isolated Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy”, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(5), September – October 2016, Page No. 2477-2480 URL: http://www.rjpbcs.com/7(5)/September – October 2016

Citation: Kiran Shetty, Ranjan Shetty, Pragna Rao, Deepak, Sravan Reddy, Vidya Nayak; ‘’ Demonstration of Resolution of Amlodipine Induced Pedal Edema by Cilnidipine’’ Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 41(1), November - December 2016; Article No. 42, Pages: 229-233 URL: Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 41(1), November - December 2016; Article No. 42, Pages: 229-233

Citation: Ashwal A Jayaram et al., Feasibility of Sinus Rhythm in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis; Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017 Feb, Vol-11(2): OC01-OC05 URL: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2017/19382.91242017 Feb, Vol-11(2): OC01-OC05

Citation: Jyothi Samanth et al; Use of tissue doppler imaging to detect right ventricular myocardial dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 10, Issue 6, 2017, 118-124 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17517

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A study was performed to find the incidence of left ventricular thrombus and the door to balloon time in acute MI patients treated at KMC Manipal, a tertiary care center.

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